Depression is a mental health condition that results in persistent feelings of sadness and/or hopelessness. Anyone can be diagnosed with depression. The symptoms are the same for anyone regardless of whether they are autistic or not. Research however suggests that autistic people may be more likely to experience depression than the general population.   

This guide focuses on the ways that depression can affect you and how to get support. 
 

What is depression? 

Most people go through periods of feeling down, but when you're depressed you feel persistently sad for weeks or months, rather than just a few days. Depression affects people in different ways and the symptoms can range from mild to severe.  

With the right treatment and support, most people with depression can make a full recovery.
 

What are the symptoms of depression? 

Some symptoms for depression are the same for anyone, whether you are autistic or not. As well as persistent low mood, you may also: 

• feel helpless 
• have low self-esteem 
• lose motivation or interest in things 
• feel anxious or worried. 

You may also experience physical symptoms such as: 

• moving or speaking more slowly than usual  
• changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased)  
• lack of energy 
• disturbed sleep – for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning. 

There could be other symptoms such as not wanting to see friends as much, or neglecting hobbies or interests that you previously enjoyed.  

There is some evidence to suggest some specific signs of depression in autistic people. These may include:  

• an increase in repetitive and obsessional behaviours  
• self-harm  
• withdrawing socially or changes to your normal engagement with other people.
   

How common is depression in autistic people? 

Depression is common among autistic people, but research varies as to exactly how many autistic people have depression. Age may be a factor, with some research suggesting higher depression rates for autistic teenagers and young adults.
 

Causes of depression in autistic people 

Autistic people may be more likely to experience depression for a range of reasons. These include:  

• having a family history of depression 
• IQ – those without a learning disability are more likely to have depression 
• being aware of your differences with peers 
• experiencing stressful life events (bereavement, trauma, bullying) 
• difficulties with social relationships and in social situations 
• alexithymia - a person's inability to identify or describe their feelings 
• presence of other mental health conditions such as anxiety 
• rumination – repeatedly thinking about negative events or emotions.  

There is evidence to suggest a link between depression and anxiety and personal accounts from autistic people experiencing depression talk about overwhelming anxiety. Feeling anxious in social situations and worrying about your performance at school or work may make you more likely to develop depression.
 

The impact of depression  

Depression can be an overwhelming experience and can result in you feeling like you want to withdraw from social activities and work. This can in turn make you feel more lonely and isolated. When you feel depressed you may also experience and notice you have more meltdowns and that repetitive behaviours (such as stimming) increase.  

If you are feeling depressed, it is important to access support as early as possible.
 

How to get help with depression 

If you feel like you might have depression and recognise some of the signs described here, you should visit your GP. Your GP will be able to offer some advice and may refer you for further help and support. You might find our information on seeking support with mental health useful.
 

Treatments for depression 

This will depend on whether you have mild, moderate or severe depression.  

If you have mild depression, your doctor may suggest waiting to see whether it improves on its own, while monitoring your progress. They may also suggest changes you can make to your lifestyle such as exercise. 

If your depression doesn’t improve or is more severe, your doctor may suggest talking to a therapist. Talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), are often used to treat depression. Your doctor may also prescribe antidepressants.

Therapy  

If you are referred for therapy, check that the therapist has experience of adapting their approach to autistic people. 

Antidepressants 

There is little research into autistic people’s use of antidepressants. What does exist suggests autistic people may be more likely to experience side effects such as drowsiness, irritability and reduced activity. If you are worried about side effects, you should talk to your doctor. 

Advice from other autistic people  

Autistic people who have experienced depression suggest that the following might help:  

• asking for support  
• keeping routines  
• structuring time and days   
• time with friends/family to socialise  
• exercise  
• using sensory toys and distractions such fidget toys  
• allowing yourself extra time to get things done  
• doing things you find calming and relaxing; listening to music, watching tv, gardening, walking, socialising with friends.
   

Useful links

Personal accounts

The following accounts may share information and experiences that you may find distressing.

• The Aspie World (2017) 
• The Aspie World (2019) 
• Anja Melissa (2019) 
• Life with Aspergers (2007) 
• Purple Ella (2012)